Greenhouse cultivation of mushroom production technology

Plastic greenhouses full shade technology, the annual mushroom cultivation, mushroom all year round so that the supply market, especially high temperature, such as off-season can serves decent price, get high returns. Now its cultivation techniques are described below:

First, greenhouses require Plastic greenhouses with straw covering all that is both greenhouse shading, but also holding moisture, cool in summer, winter can be warming. Greenhouses generally: 10 to 20 meters long, 5 meters wide and 3 meters high. Covered with 5 cm thick straw shed, leaving two roof vent hole in the middle shed off two doors. Set 2 rows shed bedstead, a total of 8 layers.
Second, the cultivation techniques
A big fat mushroom cultivation: ① season schedule. July 10 Stockyard, secondary fermentation like mushrooms, July 30 sowing, casing August 30, September 20 received the first wave of mushroom, ending in mid-October. ② sowing spawn. Fermented feed into the studio shop, 15 cm thick, the material slightly higher moisture content than the planting mushrooms. Planting should be carried out in the morning and evening, the seeding rate to be bigger, accounting for 15% of the weight of the material, the use of a combination of mixed and sow. ③ casing. Big fat mushroom Agaricus mushroom casing is slightly thinner than some, with 2 to 3 cm thick is appropriate, fermented soil overburden material as well. ④ fruiting management. Big fat mushroom fruiting period coincided with the high temperature, must pay attention to management within Gupeng ventilation and air humidity. Other measures in the same routine.
2, winter mushroom cultivation: ① season schedule. October 3 to 5 days Stockyard secondary fermentation, October 20 fermented into the studio shop materials, planting, cover soil water transfer mid-November, fruiting in late December, the end of April next year. ② sowing spawn. In late October, after the temperature decreases, you can add a layer of plastic film, or in the studio plus put on the cover of straw coal stove, to raise the temperature, speed up the fermentation rate. Material should not be too thick, rests in the 15 cm. Noon sowing seed quantity slightly more bacteria can accelerate hair.
3, mushroom cultivation: ① mushrooms waste secondary use. In early March after the end of the mushroom production, cultivation turn scrap grid, ventilation, after the removal of impurities and bacteria infection sludge rotten material, adding 15 kg per 110 square meters of lime powder, will be expected to shake loose dry spare. ② sowing hair bacteria and fruiting. The dried waste before sowing lime and mix thoroughly with a pH of 10, so that the material drenched, then added in 5 kg per square meter of fresh cotton shells, according to a conventional method composting fermentation 3 days, adjusted to pH 9, with waves shop materials on the bed, according to the conventional method planting mushroom production management. Fruiting body, bed, bed sides of fruiting occurs a week later, a higher yield.

White mushroom high yielding cultivation techniques introduce

Agaricus mushroom meat is tender, delicious delicious, nutritious, is the world's largest cultivated area and production of edible fungi. Now its main cultivation techniques are described below:

1 raw materials and formulations

The main raw material is cultivated mushroom Agaricus scraps and horses, cattle, chickens and other livestock manure variety of high-quality agricultural products, through reasonable proportion fermentation. Commonly used formula is: ① dry straw 2000 kg, 2000 kg of dry manure, rapeseed 150 kg, 50 kg of superphosphate, gypsum and 50 kg, 15 kg of lime; ② dry straw 2000 kg, 1400 kg of dry cow dung, rapeseed cake 100 kg, 40 kg superphosphate, gypsum 40 kg, 15 kg of lime.

2 composting training materials

Pre-wet straw, in 2 - 3 days ago stacker will pour wet straw or marsh, wet straw so to maintain adequate moisture. When stacking, according to 1.50--2.50 meters wide and 1.50 meters high, the length according to the size of the composting sites. Shop materials when the grass about 30 cm thick, about 3 cm thick manure, grass in the order after the first layer of manure manure layer of grass, each shop about 10 layers, top of the heap was Turtle shape. Rapeseed cake layered stack when applied to build the stockpile middle. Built heap side edge water, the water should be sprayed on the grass, surrounded by a pile built after water leaking outside the heap is appropriate.

3 culture medium during fermentation

① before fermentation: the first five days after the construction of pile turning, turning even thrown into the process should be added to half of gypsum powder and superphosphate; the first nine days of turning the second time, manure and grass to fully mix evenly thrown into surplus gypsum powder and superphosphate; the first 12 days of turning third lime powder. Depending on the humidity of the heap when turning material, as appropriate, add water. ② After fermentation: After primary fermentation, the material moved into hot mushroom house, training materials to focus on the middle of the bed frame stacked mushroom house, and stockpile their 5--6 hours after the fermentation temperature, steam heating, the overheating steam pass into the mushroom house, so mushroom room temperature rise to about 62 ℃, maintain ventilation and cooling 6--8 hours, the material temperature at around 50 ℃, keep 4--6 days. After fermentation ventilation, slow cooling, so that the material temperature drops below 28 ℃ planting. Training quality standard materials after the end of fermentation are: wheat straw was brown, soft and flexible, toughness is not sticky, there is no smell of ammonia odor, training materials at about 65% moisture content.

4 seeding spawn

After fermentation, finishing mushroom room stacker, the cultured layers evenly spread on the bed frame materials, cultivating a thickness of 20 centimeters. When the material temperature drops below 28 ℃ and no ammonia odor is no longer rise when sowing, using mixed, that 75% of bacteria and training materials thoroughly blended evenly sprinkle the remaining species in the material surface, then covered with a thin material, the material surface gently with a wooden racket real, make full contact training material and bacteria. mushroom room temperature control 20--24 ℃, relative humidity is maintained at 70% - 80% more ventilation humid weather, dry and cold weather less ventilation. Late spawn culture material surface to keep dry, reducing bacterial contamination and facilitate rapid mycelial growth to internal training materials.

5 casing and casing after administration

About 15 days after sowing, the mycelium grows to the bottom of most of the training materials to cover seven. If the material surface is dry, spray so that the material surface after moist casing. Selection of garden soil or clay loam, crushed and sieved before overburden the soil particles, soil particles 0.50--2 cm in diameter. Sterilized soil material first with formaldehyde, formaldehyde to be volatile after spraying insecticide dichlorvos for processing. Using disposable casing, cover soil thickness is 3.50--5 cm, casing should be uniform and consistent thickness. After casing diversion to light spray wash spray, spray 3 - 4 times a day, adjust the soil moisture content of 18% - 24%, that is not broken soil particles can pinch flat, moist, non-white heart. Strengthen water management to keep the casing layer moist at room temperature at about 20 ℃, relative humidity of 80% - 90%.

6 fruiting management

When the mycelium climb surface casing layer, the control room is 12--16 ℃, relative humidity of about 90%, ventilation, moisture management conducted. Mushroom water spray, about 3 kg of water per square meter, sub 6--10 puffs finished in 2 - 3 days, prompting mushroom primordia. When primordia generally grow to the size of soybean, mushroom water spray protection, about 2 kilograms per square meter of water, spray three times a day, two days after spraying. After fruiting principle soil is light spray wash water spray, spray more mushrooms for a long time, came from a small spray mushrooms; pre-less spray, spray more late. When the spray gun nozzle to be tilted upward, so that the water mist falling, prevent water directly onto white mushroom.

7 Harvest

To stop the water before pick up. Harvest when the mushroom cap to 2--5 cm long, the film is not broken when fruiting fungi. When the harvest with the thumb, index finger, middle finger and gently pinch the cap, rotate uprooted; if the size of the mushroom clusters, with demand picking mushrooms under Lee knife, leaving a small mushroom. To light up the light collected at harvest. To be promptly removed after harvest mushroom roots, dead mushrooms and mushroom pieces, fill soil, so rack smooth clean.

Winter health should eat only nutritious food as well as fungi efficacy

Enter the winter, the lack of vegetables, less greens, mushrooms become the preferred health care food people, because the fungus is not only nutritious, there are some efficacy, the choice of mushrooms and vegetables are: mushroom, mushrooms, black fungus, fungus.

Mushrooms, sweet natured, with Spleen Qi, moistening phlegm, stomach Liver and so on. Extracted from the mushroom polysaccharides, leukopenia, infectious hepatitis curative; medium mushrooms can reduce blood sugar, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli was inhibited. Mushroom nutritious, rich in high quality protein, vitamin E, vitamin C and trace elements, is a low-fat, low-sugar, low-salt, low-calorie, high-protein food. Mushrooms are also rich can improve disease resistance, increase hemoglobin, lysine significantly improved intelligence, winter food for all ages, especially children eat mushrooms puzzle brain.

Experts vegetables, mushroom contain glucosidase, and has anti-cancer effects. According to the determination, mushrooms contain 30 kinds of enzymes and 18 amino acids, and contains a general lack of vegetables ergosterol, known as the "Queen of the mushroom."

The black fungus nutrient-rich, there are clear lung qi, blood, stomach, moistening, nourishing the physical effect, attending bleeding hemorrhoids, bloody diarrhea, bloody diarrhea, collapse of leave out other illnesses. Black fungus can reduce blood clots, soften blood vessels, prevent hypertension and atherosclerosis. Black fungus contained in the plant gum, or beneficial to the body's natural tonics. Fungus is sweet natured, with the lungs and phlegm, YangYinShengJin role. Tremella polysaccharide in a variety of tumor cancer inhibition. Tremella syrup can significantly enhance the function of macrophages, has a protective effect against radiation damage. Regular consumption of winter fungus, neurasthenia, insomnia, palpitations, weakness, hypertension and arteriosclerosis, etc., nursed back to health with excellent results.

Pleurotus fruiting secondary technical

Pleurotus

Pleurotus secondary fruiting technology, suitable for northern China, and the promotion of the South region near Qinhuai frontline. Autumn, winter and spring, when the temperature is right, the factory cultivation, once out of the mushroom, colonization Shed Lane. By watering the casing, so bacteria stick to absorb water, restore growth. After 10-15 days of recovery management hyphae, hyphae kink formation Gulei, began fruiting Management. In the fruiting period, to make moisture management, temperature management, small shed ventilation management, and disease prevention and control work in four areas. After 10 days of fruiting cycle management, and can be harvested Pleurotus sale. If farmers planting late friend, but also good management wintering period.